FSI, or Fast Serial Interface (no extra creative marketing points being awarded for this name), originated as a solution for higher bandwidth digital communication across the air gap, or hot-side to cold-side and vice versa, in high voltage systems such as those used in industrial drives and digital power applications. I am trying Serial library currently, and there is a problem is Transfer to fast and Serial interface stuck. My setting 1.Baud rate = 115200bps 2.Transfer packet size from pc to arduino= 34 bytes 3.Every '3ms' send packet (sniffer by Accessport Serial monitor) 4.Serial buffer size = 128bytes.
You start the process of configuring router Ethernet interfaces by making a physical connection to your router. After you establish the connection, you can proceed with the basic configuration of Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, or Gigabit Ethernet connections.
Connecting to your router
To start your configuration, you need to connect to your router and get into Configuration mode using the following set of commands:
The next option is to choose the port by number (it is also known as an interface because it is a networking port), which is how to correctly identify the specific interface with which you want to work. You can choose from Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, or Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. Then you specify the port number.
All devices in current IOS versions are numbered starting at the motherboard in one of these formats:
- network-module-slot/port
- 0/interface-card-slot/port
- network-module-slot/interface-card-slot/port
All modules are effectively connected to the motherboard slot on the router, which is always slot 0 and is represented by the first 0 in the interface name. After that, the numbers are for an integrated interface, or for another expansion slot in your router.
For example, if you have WIC or HWIC installed, you specify the motherboard slot (0), and then the slot into which the card is installed (0), and then you specify the interface number; 0 is the first interface for routers, and 1 is the first interface for switches (which can be installed into a router HWIC). So the first switch port for an HWIC switch is 0/0/1:
Using auto settings
You can set the specifics of the network connection or use the auto settings for duplex and speed settings. Duplex modes include Full Duplex mode or Half Duplex mode, whereas speeds typically are from 10 Mbps up to the speed of the interface.
Adding a description
You might not want to use this feature for switches, but on your router, providing a description helps to prevent changing the configuration on the wrong interface. “Oops, was that the corporate WAN interface I just changed the IP address on? Time to polish up that resumé.” A description does not assist with the configuration; it just helps prevent human error.
Configuring a VLAN identifier
Because the interface works similarly to a switchport — and if you do not want to use the access settings on the switch to which you have connected the router — you can configure a VLAN identifier for the interface. You do so with the vlan-id or vlan-range command:
Setting a routing interface
Because you plan to route from this interface, you need to give the client devices an IP address to connect to, as follows:
You do have the option of configuring your router to use DHCP using the command ip address dhcp, but typically this command is not used for static network devices such as routers. Connecting this router as a Network Address Translation (NAT) device to an ISP represents the only case where a DHCP-configured interface is likely to be used.
Enabling your interface
Now, you have done all of this work, and there is a good chance you want to use this interface; however, if you exit the configuration and check the running configuration, you will notice one configuration item that is a little strange.
One important item is missing — or, one item is present that should not be present. Unlike switches, all interfaces on your router should be, by default, shut down using the shutdown command. At first, this may seem strange, but think about where routers are used; in many cases, they exist as a gateway between you and the unprotected Internet.
Setting the port as disabled gives you some additional security around your router until you are ready to open the flood gates. As with switch interfaces, the command to get rid of the shutdown command is no shutdown. So you need to complete the configuration of your router interface with the following command:
If you are working on the console or have terminal monitor enabled, you should receive a status message telling you that the interface has been enabled. This message will be similar to the following:
Double-checking your settings
After you have the interface up and running, if you are using an auto setting for the speed and duplex settings, examine the interface to ensure that it has detected settings you are happy with. Do so with the show interface command, as shown here:
In the preceding information, notice that the interface and line protocols should both be up. In this case, the interface detected Full-duplex as well as a speed of 100 Mbps. From here, you can verify the IP address of the interface, and you can see if any packet errors are on the interface.
Incorrect duplex settings between ends of a connection can cause packet errors.
Display Serial Interface connector on Raspberry Pi single-board computer
The Display Serial Interface (DSI) is a specification by the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Alliance aimed at reducing the cost of display controllers in a mobile device. It is commonly targeted at LCD and similar display technologies. It defines a serial bus and a communication protocol between the host (source of the image data) and the device (destination of the image data).
Design[edit]
At the physical layer, DSI specifies a high-speed differential signaling point-to-point serial bus. This bus includes one high speed clock lane and one or more data lanes. Each lane is carried on two wires (due to differential signaling). All lanes travel from the DSI host to the DSI device, except for the first data lane (lane 0), which is capable of a bus turnaround (BTA) operation that allows it to reverse transmission direction. When more than one lane is used, they are used in parallel to transmit data, with each sequential bit in the stream traveling on the next lane. That is, if 4 lanes are being used, 4 bits are transmitted simultaneously, one on each lane. The link operates in either low power (LP) mode or high speed (HS) mode. In low power mode, the high speed clock is disabled and signal clocking information is embedded in the data. In this mode, the data rate is insufficient to drive a display, but is usable for sending configuration information and commands. High speed mode enables the high speed clock (at frequencies from tens of megahertz to over one gigahertz) that acts as the bit clock for the data lanes. Clock speeds vary by the requirements of the display. High speed mode is still designed to reduce power usage due to its low voltage signaling and parallel transfer ability.
The communication protocol describes two sets of instructions. The Display Command Set (DCS) is a set of common commands for controlling the display device, and their format is specified by the DSI standard. It defines registers that can be addressed and what their operation is. It includes basic commands such as sleep, enable, and invert display. The Manufacturer Command Set (MCS) is a device-specific command space whose definition is up to the device manufacturer. It often includes commands required to program non-volatile memory, set specific device registers (such as gamma correction), or perform other actions not described in the DSI standard. The packet format of both sets is specified by the DSI standard. There are Short and Long Packets, Short Packet is 4 bytes long; Long Packet can be of any length up to 216 bytes. Packets are composed of a DataID, Word count, Error Correction Code (ECC), Payload and Checksum (CRC). Commands that require reading data back from the device trigger a BTA event, which allows the device to reply with the requested data. A device cannot initiate a transfer; it can only reply to host requests.
Image data on the bus is interleaved with signals for horizontal and vertical blanking intervals (porches). The data is drawn to the display in real time and not stored by the device. This allows the manufacture of simpler display devices without frame buffer memory. However, it also means that the device must be continuously refreshed (at a rate such as 30 or 60 frames per second) or it will lose the image. Image data is only sent in HS mode. When in HS mode, commands are transmitted during the vertical blanking interval.
See also[edit]
- KMS driver – device driver for display controllers
- Low-voltage differential signaling – serial bus
- eDP – Embedded Displayport
- HDMI – another interface
References[edit]
- Display Interface Specifications - MIPI Alliance
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